Guide To Excel For Finance: Ratios

Common ratios need at least two data points from outside financial sources. As can be seen from the above download, Yahoo! Finance automatically calculated the price-to-sales and price-to-book ratios for Textron, which are 0.61 and 2.36, respectively. It also provided enterprise-value-to-revenue as well as enterprise-value-to EBITDA ratios.

Users may also want to manually calculate ratios to have a more customized experience. For instance, the specific ratio the user needs may not be calculated by Yahoo! Finance, or the user might want to use different time periods in the calculations. For instance, using the trailing twelve month data versus the last full fiscal year of information can help provide more current ratios to analyze. Below are other examples of specific ratios and how to calculate them.

P/E Ratio

Using the import from web feature under "Data" in Excel, the following analyst estimate data from Yahoo! was imported directly to Excel:
 

At the current share price of $26.72 for Textron, the P/E ratio of 12.72 is calculated as follows in Excel:
 

PEG Ratio

Under the "Analyst Estimates" portion of Textron's information in Yahoo! Finance, here is what we were able to download into Excel using the "From Web" feature

As you can see, the PEG ratio is already provided, but can also be calculated by creating a formula in excel that divides the P/E ratio we calculated above by the projected growth rate of 31.23%. The final result is a PEG ratio of 0.40.

P/S Ratio

As with the PEG ratio, Yahoo! Finance provided the price to sales ratio above; but returning to the "Analyst Estimates" portion for Textron, below is the information we were able to download:

Analysts project full year sales of $12.43 billion for Textron for all of 2012. Creating a cell that divides the current market capitalization of $7.51 billion (also provided in the previous page) by sales gets us to a price-to-sales ratio of 0.61, which matches with what Yahoo! has provided.

Dividend Payout Ratio

Yahoo! provides dividend payout information under the "Key Statistics" portion for Textron. Below is output from the "Dividend & Split" data:

Textron's current annual dividend payout is 8 cents per share. Creating a cell to divide this by the current share price of $26.72 leads to a current dividend rate of 0.30%. The payout ratio is 8 cents divided by last year's earnings level of $1.31 per share (provided above), which works out to 6.1%.

EV/EBITDA

Returning one last time to "Key Statistics" in Yahoo! Finance for Textron, the below income statement data was downloaded into Excel:

Creating a cell that divides Enterprise Value (provided above) of $10.75 billion and dividing it by EBITDA of $1.16 billion results in an EV-to-EBITDA ratio of 9.3, which agrees with what Yahoo! also calculated.