Nano Cap

Nano cap refers to small, publicly traded companies with a market capitalization below $50 million. Nano cap is as small as you can get in terms of market capitalization. The next step up from nano caps are micro cap stocks. Nano caps are very risky because they are such small companies and are particularly prone to manipulation. Nano cap stocks are often referred to as penny stocks and are quite popular with traders who have a large appetite for risk.

Keep in mind that classifications such as large cap or small cap are only approximations that change over time. Also, the exact definition of the various sizes of market cap can vary between brokerage houses. Technically a stock can be a nano cap without being a penny stock. If the float of available shares is low enough, the market cap will still be under $50 million even if the actual price of the shares is higher than the penny stock threshold. Of course, penny stocks aren't even necessarily penny stocks. The definition of a penny stock was formerly a stock trading for under one dollar per share, but the Securities and Exchange Commission has moved that up to count all shares trading below five dollars per share. In short, these definitions are fluid at the best of times. For example, if there is enough global growth and increased investment across the world, the nano cap of the future may be redefined as $100 million or more. 

Investors looking to invest in nano-cap companies should be aware that these small firms are often associated with a very high risk of failure. Small cap stocks, which start at $300 million in market capitalization and go up to $2 billion, is considered a risky place for investors to dabble in order to capture some aggressive growth. Nano caps ratchet up that risk and reward even more. Short-term returns in the double and triple digits do happen in nano cap stocks, but so do a lot of outright failures. On top of the legitimate failures, there is no shortage of pump and dump schemes. Nano cap stocks are prone to these problems because they are not as rigidly regulated as larger cap stocks that trade on reputable exchanges like the NYSE or Nasdaq. Some nano cap stocks will have reporting gaps, unaudited documents and other red flags that should discourage even the most risk seeking of traders.