10 Ways to a Finance Career with No Finance Degree

A finance or business degree is a prerequisite for most jobs in the financial industry, but what if you don't possess one and want to work in this field? While it is more difficult for someone with a non-finance degree to secure a job in finance, there's still hope.

Every employer wants smart, committed and motivated employees who can do the job well. A finance degree will impart skills such as financial modeling and analysis, but may not do much to provide other skills required for success in almost any profession, such as communication, problem-solving and time management.

The following are 10 ways to demonstrate to potential employers that you possess the skills they desire in an employee, as well as the passion necessary for a successful career in finance. We will rate each of these by the degree of difficulty to achieve (for example, signing up for a financial course is easier than obtaining an internship) as well as the positive impact it may have on your objective of embarking on a career in the finance industry.

Difficulty: Low

Impact: Low

If you are interested in a career in finance, there's no excuse for not knowing Wall Street lingo. If you don't know the difference between dilution and dividend, or between NPV and DCF, consider learning financial terms and concepts by browsing the extensive dictionary of terms at sites like Investopedia or by reading The Wall Street Journal.

Not knowing financial language may make it almost impossible to pass the preliminary interview stage for a non-finance graduate. An interviewer will generally assume that an applicant for a finance position is knowledgeable about finance, regardless of his or her educational background.

Difficulty: Low to Moderate      

Impact: High

What if you graduated with a degree in a subject other than finance? You can always redress the situation by taking relevant courses with an emphasis on finance or business at the undergraduate or post-graduate level.

At the undergraduate level, courses in economics, accounting or financial analysis are great options. Many post-graduates go for an MBA, since its substantial finance component serves to level the playing field between finance and non-finance graduates. If the MBA's stiff cost is a deterrent, other options such as enrolling in the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA^®) Program are certainly worth exploring.

Difficulty: Moderate             

Impact: Moderate

Intensive courses by firms like Wall Street Prep and Training the Street can teach you valuable skills that are essential for a career in finance, such as advanced spreadsheet techniques and financial modeling. These crash courses are quite expensive, typically a few thousand dollars, but have the advantage of not requiring a long-term time commitment since they are typically conducted over a few days. One drawback is that, due to these programs' intensity, you may need to be already familiar with basic financial concepts to derive the maximum benefit. 

Difficulty: Moderate                     

Impact: High

Relevant knowledge is not obtained only through a college degree. There are plenty of resources available, either through your local library or online, to deepen your financial knowledge. These resources may be free or available on a paid basis from course providers. Being self-taught in a difficult field like finance demonstrates a number of desirable attributes to an employer, such as initiative, passion and drive. 

Difficulty: Moderate                   

Impact: Low

A number of websites – including Investopedia – have trading simulators that can be used to construct mock portfolios. Using a trading simulator will force you to track the markets and keep abreast of market developments. This is a great way to impress a potential employer with your trading prowess, or at least your market knowledge, with very little investment on your part aside from a time commitment.

Difficulty: High                     

Impact: High

Completing a relevant industry licensing course, such as that offered by the Canadian Securities Institute, not only demonstrates your commitment to a career in finance but also gives you an edge on the competition in terms of job readiness. This option may not be available in all jurisdictions, of course; for instance, in the United States, one has to be sponsored by a member firm or a self-regulatory organization to take most licensing exams. However, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has created a new test called the Securities Industry Essentials Exam (SIE), which can be taken without sponsorship.

Difficulty: High              

Impact: Moderate

Starting and maintaining a financial blog is a great way to communicate your investment ideas to the world. It is an opportunity to convey to a potential employer a favorable impression of your diverse skill set, including financial acumen, communication skills and technological dexterity. This mode of self-marketing is most suitable for those who already possess a measure of these skills.

Difficulty: High                 

Impact: Moderate

Linking up with a mentor is another way of jump-starting a financial career. A mentor can be anyone in a position of influence who thinks highly of your capabilities and is willing to help you achieve your goals. Possible mentors include your favorite college professor, a family friend or relation with a successful career in finance, or someone you know in a professional capacity, such as a supervisor during a previous internship. Don't hesitate to approach a contact whom you think could help you in your job search.

Difficulty: Very High                     

Impact: Very High

Scoring a summer internship still remains one of the best ways to lock in a prestigious full-time job in finance, as many Wall Street firms pick their new hires from the ranks of their summer interns. At the best business schools, an estimated one-third to one-half of MBA students go to work for their summer employer after graduation.

Since obtaining a paid internship in finance is likely to be very difficult for a non-finance graduate, one must consider other options, such as an unpaid internship or volunteer work with a broker. The opportunity cost that arises from doing an unpaid internships or volunteer work may be offset in due course by the higher earning potential of a finance career.

Difficulty: Very High    

Impact: Very High

Target HR departments for résumés, expand your job search to other locations, use your network to check for openings – in short, do everything you can to get your foot in the door of a financial institution. Scoring an entry-level position with a financial company, even in a non-finance role, may open doors to other career paths in finance down the line.

Some non-finance degrees are certainly in demand on Wall Street for specific tasks, including:

• Physics and mathematics for structured products, derivatives and quantitative trading
• Information technology for algorithmic trading and platform development
• Engineering, mining and sciences for sector-specific research analysis and investment banking

However, for the vast majority of non-finance degree holders, securing a job in finance is likely to pose a significant challenge. This is more so because thousands of positions were eliminated by banks and financial institutions in the aftermath of the 2008 global recession. However, using a combination of the tips discussed above should enable a non-finance graduate to substantially improve his or her chances of launching a career in finance.