STIR Futures & Options

An acronym standing for "short-term interest rate" options or futures contract. The category of STIR derivatives includes futures, options and swaps.

The underlying asset for STIR futures and options is a three-month interest rate security. The two main traded contracts are the Eurodollar and Euribor, which can trade over one trillion dollars and euros daily in a completely electronic marketplace. The category also includes other short-term benchmarks, such as the ASX 90-day bank accepted bill in Australia and short-term floating interest rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and its equivalents in Hong Kong (HIBOR), Tokyo (TIBOR) and other financial centers. Many companies and financial institutions use STIR contracts to hedge against borrowing or lending exposure.

While speculators may find trading STIR profitable, the most common use is for hedging with options strategies such as caps, floors and collars. Central banks might watch STIR futures to gauge market expectations ahead of monetary policy decisions. Therefore, changes in STIR futures might be useful for those wishing to forecast that policy.

Anyone trading in the interest rate futures market has an opinion on whether rates will rise of fall during the short-life of the futures contract. As with any futures contract, the buyer believes that he or she can purchase the contract now and profit from an increase in price of the underlying asset when the contract expires. These futures settle in cash so the profit is simply the difference between the settlement or delivery price and the purchase price. Other futures, such as futures on commodities, settle with the physical delivery of the underlying asset by the seller to the buyer.

Other than specific contract sizes and minimum price fluctuations, there is very little difference between STIR futures and options and other standard futures and options. STIR is the short-term equivalent of "long-dated maturities" that merely describes a portion of the yield curve, albeit across markets (Eurodollars, LIBOR, etc.).

Trading in the most active STIR futures and options provides high efficiency, liquidity and transparency for hedgers. This saves a company from having to create hedges from complicated strategies in the over-the-counter market and from taking on counterparty risk.

While each exchange sets its own contract specifications there are a few general rules. Expiration dates generally follow the International Monetary Market (IMM) dates of the third Wednesday of March, June, September and December. Exceptions include Australian bills and New Zealand bills are notable exceptions. Sometimes there are “serial” contracts that also expire on the third Wednesday all months.

Contract price is quoted as 100 minus a relevant three-month interest rate so a rate of 2.5% yields a price of 97.50.