AED (United Arab Emirates Dirham)

The AED (United Arab Emirates Dirham) is the currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham, the official currency of Dubai and other Emirates. It is often presented with the symbol Dhs or DH. The United Arab Emirates Dirham has been used since 1973, when it replaced several currencies, such as the Dubai riyal and the Qatar riyal.

The United Arab Emirates dirham is made up of 100 fuloos, which is plural for fils. A fils is also the sub-unit for the Kuwaiti dinars, Iraqi dinars, Bahraini dinars and the Yemeni rial. The dirham is available in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000. The 1 dirham unit exists in coin form only.

The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates issues the country's banknotes. To combat counterfeiting, a watermark of the national emblem appears on the obverse of each note. The emblem is the Hawk of Quraish, a golden falcon with a disk surrounded by seven stars in its center and seven feathers to represent each of the Emirates.

The United Arab Emirates had a gross domestic product of about $382.6 billion in 2017, making it the 30th largest in the world and second among Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) nations. With the exception of Dubai, the emirates rely overwhelmingly on oil exports and natural gas reserves, although they have been making steady progress toward diversification. 

investors consider the UAE dirham to be among the world’s most stable currencies in terms of exchange rate stability. It has been pegged to the United States dollar since 1973. Since 1997, it has been set at a rate of 1 U.S dollar to 3.6725 AED. The World Competitiveness Centre of the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), based in Switzerland, ranks the UAE dirham as the 24th most stable currency in the world, above the currencies of many major European countries.

Because of the country's reliance on the oil industry, officials see it advantageous to peg its currency to the U.S. dollar. Remember oil prices are denominated in U.S. dollars. By pegging its currency against the greenback, the UAE government can reduce the volatility of its exports. The country's economic indicators and current account should be maintained at optimal levels to maintain the peg. For example, as of this writing, the UAE government is running a current account surplus to its GDP.

But the peg can also work against government strategy. For example, oil prices collapsed in 2015 and reduced revenues for GCC countries. Many countries toyed with the idea of devaluing their currency against the U.S. dollar. The devaluation would boost local revenue because U.S. dollars collected from oil sales could be repatriated for more dirhams.